Blood sugar testing is essential for all people with diabetes. Typically a person measures their glucose level with a meter and strips at home. The goal is to reach a sugar level closest to the non-diabetic range as safely as possible. Testing is essential because symptoms alone cannot accurately determine the blood sugar level. See also, HbA1c.
Four or more daily tests are usually required for people attempting to achieve reasonable control. Readings should always be recorded, as well as the food or carbs eaten and the medications or insulin doses taken. This information received can then be used to adjust insulin doses, medications, meal planning, and exercise to improve blood sugar levels greatly. Although testing can clarify unclear symptoms, the major reason to test is to improve your blood sugar and maintain excellent results once control targets are achieved.
| Blood Glucose Level Targets: | |
|---|---|
| Pre-meals | 80-120 mg/dl |
| Post-meals–2 hours | less than 180 mg/dl |
| Bedtime | 100-140 mg/dl |
How often should I test?
The frequency and timing of tests will vary depending on an individual’s therapy, goals, and resources. When changes occur in food, exercise, medications, illness, or travel, more testing should be performed.
- Type 1: before meals and bedtime, 1-2 hours after meals and during the night as needed.
- Type 2: before meals and/or bedtime, 1-2 hours after meals as needed.
Before testing, have your health care provider show you the best techniques. When testing is sure to follow the manufacturer’s directions and these helpful suggestions:
- Wash your hands (anything on your hands can change the reading).
- Collect the amount of blood required.
- Test again if reading seems incorrect. Use another meter to double-check.
- Clean your meter as often as needed.
- Record and date/time your test results.
Here are some tips for accurate readings:
- Be sure to match the code on the meter or the meter’s chip with the code on the strip container.
- Check the date on the strips for freshness.
- Store strips so they don’t deteriorate (protect from heat, light, and humidity)
- Check for low battery if results aren’t accurate.
Be sure to keep a good record of all tests. Discuss blood glucose goal ranges with your health care provider. Discuss how and when to make changes to your diabetes care—food, exercise, medications, and insulin doses. A hemoglobin A1c test is a simple lab test that shows the average blood sugar level for the past two to three months.